Analysis of markers in saliva samples

Saliva provides an excellent basis for detecting a wide range of physiological markers, offering valuable insights into stress response, general welfare, and reproduction-related processes. In addition to hormonal markers, antibodies can also be reliably detected—an ideal combination for comprehensive analyses.
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Selection of relevant publications
- Behringer V; Stevens J; Sonnweber R. (2022)
Salivary cortisol reaction norms in zoo-housed great apes: diurnal slopes and intercepts as indicators of stress response quality.
Animals 12: 522 - DOI - - Hambrecht S; Oerke A-K; Heistermann M; Hartig J; Dierkes PW. (2021)
Effects of positive reinforcement training and novel object exposure on salivary cortisol levels under consideration of individual variation in captive African elephants (Loxodonta africana).
Animals 11: 3525 - DOI - - Verspeek J; Behringer V; Laméris DW; Murtagh R; Salas M; Staes N; Deschner T; Stevens JMG. (2021)
Time-lag of urinary and salivary cortisol response after a psychological stressor in bonobos (Pan paniscus).
Sci. Rep. 11: 7905 - DOI -