Analysis of markers in urine samples

In urine, markers are analyzed along with their metabolites, which are integrated over a specific period. These substances provide comprehensive insights into various physiological processes and are crucial for areas such as immune response, bone health, and reproduction. They also allow for the determination of life-event phases, such as puberty, and offer valuable indications of the influence of environmental factors and social structures.
Examples of analyzed markers
- Albumin
- Cortisol
- Cross Linked C-telopeptide of Type I Collagen
- C-Peptide
- DHEA-S
- Estrogens
- Neopterin
- Progesterone
- Testosterone
- Total T3
- Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR)
* In urine, the specific marker as well as its non-specific metabolites are measured.
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Selection of relevant publications
- Behringer V; Sonnweber R; Hohmann G; Stevens JMG; Verspeek J; Kivell TL. (2024)
A non‐invasive measure of bone growth in mammals: Validating urinary CTX‐I as a bone resorption marker through long‐bone growth velocity in bonobos.
Ecol. Evol. 14(9): e70326 - DOI - - Berghaenel A; Stevens JMG; Hohmann G; Deschner T; Behringer V. (2023)
Evidence for adolescent length growth spurts in bonobos and other primates highlights the importance of scaling laws.
eLife 12: RP86635 - DOI - - Sadoughi B; Girard-Buttoz C; Engelhardt A; Heistermann M; Ostner J. (2021)
Non-invasive assessment of metabolic responses to food restriction using urinary triiodothyronine and cortisol measurement in macaques.
Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 306: 113736 - DOI -